Yes, considerably. Integrated sound cards have to deal with a lot of interference coming from the different components on the board, which raises the noise floor. If you ever heard a high pitched whine in your headphones while the PC is doing something, that’s interference from the CPU. It’s much more noticeable if you have high-end headphones that require amplification; the amp will make the interference very obvious. But you might still hear it if you crank your OS’s volume too.
For this reason, external USB-C sound cards (also called DACs in certain circles) are preferred among enthusiasts and audiophiles. It’s a lot more difficult for interference to reach a device that is outside of the PC. I have one and the difference is night and day.
Smokey Robinson is still alive!?