The concrete dilemmas which Amel faced and the answers he tried to articulate continue to provide models for a unity of revolutionary thought and action. Like his other formulations, Amel’s colonial mode of production is an artifact of struggle, developed at a time of worsening defeat, from the 1967 Naksa to the expulsion of the Palestinian resistance and the left during the Lebanese Civil War. It is an ambitious but practical theoretical apparatus, meant to link the battles of far-flung societies and their toiling classes, in and after the crucible of national independence.